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Biology

Life from the cell to the ecosystem

Start with what makes something alive and how a cell works, then explore the human body, genetics, evolution and ecosystems. Interactive cell models, a DNA strand builder and Punnett squares let you test the key ideas of biology for yourself.

38 lessons8 modules≈ 12.5 hGrades 6–11BeginnerIntermediateAdvancedUniversity
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What is alive? Characteristics, research methods and classification

Course content

All tests · 14Formulas & shortcuts
1

The living world

Beginner

What living things have in common, how they are classified, how cells are built, how plants photosynthesise and how diverse animals are.

3 lessons
  1. 1What is alive? Characteristics, research methods and classificationLearn what sets living things apart from non-living ones, how biologists research, how to work out a microscope’s magnification, and how organisms are sorted into four kingdoms: bacteria, fungi, plants and animals.
  2. 2The cell: the building block of lifeFind out how cells were discovered, what each organelle does and how animal and plant cells differ.
  3. 3Plants and photosynthesisDiscover how plants make food and oxygen from light, water and carbon dioxide, and what they need to do it.
2

The plant kingdom

Beginner

The plant cell and tissues, root, shoot, stem and leaf, modified organs, the flower, fertilisation, fruits and seeds — with DİM-style tasks.

5 lessons
  1. 4Plant cell, tissues and the rootLearn the plant cell and its plastids, the six groups of plant tissues, root types, root systems and zones, water uptake, root pressure and fertilisers, with DİM-style tasks.
  2. 5Shoot, buds, stem and leafLearn how buds are built and classified, how a shoot develops, what is inside a stem and how to read annual rings, the outer and inner structure of leaves, stomata, transpiration and leaf fall, with DİM-style tasks.
  3. 6Modified organs and vegetative propagationLearn the underground and above-ground modifications of roots, stems and leaves, the rule “terminal and lateral buds occur only on shoots”, vegetative propagation in nature and in farming, and grafting, with DİM-style tasks.
  4. 7The flower, flower formulas and inflorescencesLearn the structure of the flower, complete and incomplete, bisexual and unisexual flowers, monoecious and dioecious plants, how to read a flower formula and count its parts, the types of inflorescences and of pollination — with DİM-style tasks.
  5. 8Double fertilisation, fruits and seedsLearn the pollen grain and embryo sac, double fertilisation with cell and chromosome counts, where every part of the seed and fruit comes from, how fruits are classified, bean and wheat seeds, germination conditions and sowing depth — with DİM-style tasks.
3

Animal systematics

Beginner

The groups of the animal kingdom one by one: from unicellular animals to vertebrates — structure, way of life, reproduction and DİM-style tasks.

8 lessons
  1. 9The animal kingdom: common features and invertebratesWhat sets animals apart from plants, which tissues build them and how are they grouped in the Azerbaijani school (DİM) classification? Compare the main invertebrate phyla by body plan and learn to identify them.
  2. 10Unicellular animalsLearn the sub-kingdom of unicellular animals as DİM classifies it: the structure and life processes of the amoeba, green euglena, Volvox, the malaria parasite and the slipper animalcule, and the diseases they cause.
  3. 11CnidariansFeatures and classes of the cnidarians: the two cell layers and cell types of the freshwater hydra, regeneration and reproduction, the life cycle of the moon jellyfish with its n and 2n stages, and coral polyps.
  4. 12Flatworms and roundwormsFlatworms (white planarian, liver fluke, beef tapeworm, Echinococcus) and roundworms (human roundworm, pinworm): structure, life cycles, main and intermediate hosts, biohelminths and geohelminths, diseases and prevention.
  5. 13Chordates: the lancelet and fishThe three key chordate features, the skull-less lancelet, cartilaginous and bony fish, the organ systems of the perch, and the protection of Caspian and Kura fish, with DİM-style tasks.
  6. 14Amphibians and reptilesHow vertebrates moved onto land, shown by the marsh frog and the sand lizard: skin, skeleton and limb girdles, the three-chambered heart, metamorphosis, regeneration, diversity and ancient reptiles.
  7. 15BirdsHow birds are built for flight, shown by the rock dove: feathers, a light skeleton, the keel and the forelimb girdle, double breathing, a four-chambered heart, the egg and development; migration, ecological groups and bird protection.
  8. 16MammalsThe mammal body shown by the domestic dog, the dental formula, monotremes, marsupials and the main placental orders, seasonal adaptations, humans as mammals, rare mammals of Azerbaijan and a comparison of the five vertebrate classes.
4

The human body and health

Intermediate

Digestion, circulation, breathing and the nervous system, the senses, microorganisms and how the body defends itself.

3 lessons
  1. 17Digestion, circulation and breathingFollow food through the digestive system, blood around the body and air into the lungs — and see how the three systems work as a team.
  2. 18The nervous system and the sensesFind out how the brain and nerves work, how a reflex happens and how your eyes and ears sense the world.
  3. 19Microorganisms, viruses and immunityLearn how bacteria, fungi and viruses live, how they help and harm us, and how the body defends itself.
5

Cell division and genetics

Advanced

Mitosis and meiosis, the structure of DNA, genes and chromosomes, and Mendel's laws of heredity.

3 lessons
  1. 20Cell division: mitosis and meiosisLearn how chromosomes are built, what happens in each phase of mitosis and meiosis, and how the two kinds of division differ.
  2. 21DNA and heredityLearn how DNA is built, how its bases pair up, what genes and genomes are and how mutations arise.
  3. 22Mendel's laws of inheritanceLearn about dominant and recessive traits, genotype and phenotype, Mendel's three laws, and predict offspring with a Punnett square.
6

Evolution and ecology

Advanced

How species change through natural selection, and how food chains carry energy through ecosystems.

2 lessons
  1. 23Evolution and natural selectionLearn Darwin's theory of natural selection, how living things become adapted to their environment and what evidence supports evolution.
  2. 24Ecosystems and food chainsLearn how an ecosystem is organised, the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers, and how energy passes along food chains by the 10% rule.
7

Biology for upper grades

Advanced

Study the skeleton and muscles, hormones, excretion and homeostasis, reproduction and development, plant physiology, protein synthesis and biotechnology at grade 8–11 level.

7 lessons
  1. 25The human skeleton and musclesLearn what the skeleton does, how bones are built, the types of joints, how muscles contract and how they work with bones as levers.
  2. 26The endocrine system and hormonesLearn about the endocrine glands and their hormones, how hormonal control differs from nervous control, and how negative feedback keeps blood glucose steady.
  3. 27Excretion and homeostasisLearn how the kidneys and nephrons work and how the body keeps its water balance and temperature steady by negative feedback.
  4. 28Reproduction and developmentLearn in scientific terms about the human reproductive organs, puberty, fertilisation and how development begins from a single cell, the zygote.
  5. 29Transport, transpiration and hormones in plantsLearn how water enters the root by osmosis, how root pressure and transpiration lift it, what xylem and phloem carry, how to calculate with a potometer, and how plant hormones, tropisms and nastic movements work.
  6. 30Protein synthesis: transcription and translationLearn how a gene is copied into mRNA, what the genetic code is like, how to use the codon table, how ribosomes build proteins and what kinds of mutations exist.
  7. 31Biotechnology and genetic engineeringLearn how recombinant DNA is made, how PCR copies DNA, how gel electrophoresis works, how CRISPR edits genes, what GMOs are and which ethical questions these technologies raise.
8

University biology

University

Master biomolecules and enzyme kinetics, the biochemistry of respiration and photosynthesis, molecular and population genetics, immunology and neuroscience at first- and second-year university level.

7 lessons
  1. 32Biomolecules and enzyme kineticsStudy the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, how enzymes work, the Michaelis–Menten equation, the Lineweaver–Burk plot and the types of inhibition.
  2. 33Cellular respiration and metabolismStudy glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, ATP accounting, fermentation and the respiratory quotient at university level.
  3. 34Photosynthesis in depthStudy pigments and photon energy, the light reactions (the Z-scheme), the Calvin cycle balance, photorespiration and C3, C4 and CAM plants at university level.
  4. 35Molecular genetics and gene regulationStudy the enzymes of DNA replication, the Meselson–Stahl experiment, the lac operon, eukaryotic gene regulation and epigenetics at university level.
  5. 36Population genetics and evolutionStudy allele frequencies, the Hardy–Weinberg principle and the χ² test, genetic drift, the mathematics of selection, speciation and phylogenetic trees at university level.
  6. 37ImmunologyStudy innate and adaptive immunity, B and T lymphocytes, MHC, the structure and classes of antibodies, immunological memory, vaccines and the mathematics of herd immunity.
  7. 38Neuroscience basicsStudy neuron structure, resting and action potentials, the Nernst and Goldman equations, impulse conduction, synapses, neurotransmitters and the main brain regions at university level.

School subjects

Primary MathsGrades 1–4: counting, adding and subtracting, times tables, shapesLife KnowledgeGrades 1–4: nature, health, safety, family and societyMathematicsFrom numbers to functions — learn to think logicallyPhysicsMotion, energy, light and the laws of the Universe