Registers: information, accumulation and accounting

In this lesson you will learn

Design a register's dimensions, resources and attributes
Choose the right kind of register for a task
Tell balance and turnover registers, charts of accounts and accounting registers apart

The director asks: “How many boxes of tea are in the warehouse right now?” Adding up every receipt and sale document of the last three years each time would take far too long. In 1C the answer is kept ready in a register: documents write records to it when they are posted, and the platform calculates and stores the totals itself.

How a register is built

Dimensions (Измерения) — “by what?”: product, warehouse, currency. The combination of dimensions identifies a record.
Resources (Ресурсы) — “how much?” or “what value?”: quantity, amount, exchange rate.
Attributes (Реквизиты) — extra information, for example a comment.
Period (Период) and recorder (Регистратор) — the record's date and the document that created it.

Information registers

An information register (Регистр сведений) stores facts for a combination of dimensions. A periodic register keeps a history of values: the dollar rate can have one value on 1 September and another on 15 September. Typical examples are exchange rates, product prices and employee positions. The write mode is either independent (users or code write records) or subordinate to a recorder (a document writes them).

// Запись курса в независимый периодический регистр
Валюта = Справочники.Валюты.НайтиПоНаименованию("USD");
МенеджерЗаписи = РегистрыСведений.КурсыВалют.СоздатьМенеджерЗаписи();
МенеджерЗаписи.Период = '20260901';
МенеджерЗаписи.Валюта = Валюта;
МенеджерЗаписи.Курс = 1.7;
МенеджерЗаписи.Записать();

// Последнее значение на дату
Отбор = Новый Структура("Валюта", Валюта);
Значения = РегистрыСведений.КурсыВалют.ПолучитьПоследнее('20260927', Отбор);
КурсНаДату = Значения.Курс;

ПолучитьПоследнее() (GetLast) returns the latest value up to the given date as a structure of resources.

Accumulation registers: balances and turnovers

An accumulation register (Регистр накопления) stores numbers that add up: quantities, amounts. Its records are always created by documents (it is subordinate to recorders), and its resources can only be numbers. There are two kinds: a balance register answers “how much is left?”, and a turnover register answers “how much happened during a period?”.

Feature	Balance register	Turnover register
Record type	`Приход` / `Расход`	none, turnover only
Virtual tables	`Остатки`, `Обороты`, `ОстаткиИОбороты`	`Обороты`
Example	stock balances, debts	sales, purchases

Balance and turnover

Movements of “Tea 100 g” in September: on the 1st a receipt of 100 boxes, on the 10th a sale of 30, on the 20th a sale of 20. The balance before 1 September was 0. What will the ОстаткиТоваров balance register and the Продажи turnover register show?

Show solution

Balance register: Приход 100, Расход 30 + 20 = 50.
Balance at month end = 0 + 100 − 50 = 50 boxes; balance on 15 September = 100 − 30 = 70.
The turnover register records only sales: September turnover = 30 + 20 = 50 boxes.
A balance register gives the balance at any moment; a turnover register gives only totals for a period.

1
Create the register
Регистры накопления → Добавить, name ОстаткиТоваров, Вид регистра (register type) = Остатки.
2
Add dimensions and a resource
On the Данные tab: dimensions Товар (СправочникСсылка.Товары) and Склад; resource Количество (Число, 15, 3).
3
Pick the recorders
On the Регистраторы tab tick the ПриходТовара and РасходТовара documents. We will write the code that creates the records in the next lesson.

Charts of accounts, accounting registers and charts of characteristic types

A chart of accounts (План счетов) is the list of accounting accounts: each account has a code, a type (active, passive, active-passive) and subconto — analytical dimensions. An accounting register (Регистр бухгалтерии) is linked to a chart of accounts and stores double entries: debit account, credit account, amount and subconto values. The kinds of subconto are described in a chart of characteristic types (План видов характеристик), which stores the value type of each “characteristic” and is also used for additional product properties. For payroll there are calculation registers and charts of calculation types.

Register	Answers the question	Recorder	Example
`Регистр сведений`	What was the value on a date?	optional	exchange rates, prices
`Регистр накопления`	How much is left / happened?	always	balances, sales
`Регистр бухгалтерии`	What is on the debit and credit of an account?	always	accounting entries
`Регистр расчета`	What was calculated and for which period?	always	payroll calculations

Key points

A register keeps totals ready: dimensions say “by what”, resources say “how much”.
A periodic information register keeps a history of values (rates, prices).
An accumulation register is always written by documents; its resources are only numbers.
A balance register has Приход/Расход and gives the balance at any moment; a turnover register gives only period totals.
An accounting register is linked to a chart of accounts; subconto kinds are described in a chart of characteristic types.

Check yourself

10 questions. Every correct answer earns XP.

1 / 10

Which object is best for storing the history of exchange rates?