Azerbaijani Language
Alphabet, grammar and spelling rules
This course explains the sounds, grammar and spelling rules of Azerbaijani step by step, following the school curriculum (grades 5–11). Starting with the alphabet and vowel harmony, you will learn the forms of nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns and verbs, the parts of the sentence and the rules of spelling and punctuation, and a university module covers the history of the language, lexicology and academic writing. Every lesson has suffix tables, flashcards with audio and warnings about the mistakes learners make most often.
Course content
Sounds, letters and words
BeginnerThe alphabet, vowels and consonants, vowel harmony, word structure and the parts of speech.
- 1The Azerbaijani alphabet and soundsLearn the 32 letters of the Azerbaijani alphabet, its 9 vowels and 23 consonants, and how to tell back from front and voiced from voiceless sounds.Grade 514 min
- 2Vowel harmonyFind out why a suffix is -lar or -lər, -lıq or -lük: use vowel harmony to choose any suffix correctly.Grades 5–614 min
- 3Word structure and parts of speechLearn to split a word into root and suffixes, tell derivational from inflectional suffixes, and recognise the parts of speech by their questions.Grades 5–615 min
Nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns
IntermediateNumber, possession and case of nouns; degrees of adjectives, kinds of numerals and pronouns.
- 4Nouns: plural and possessive suffixesLearn to make nouns plural and to show who owns something with possessive suffixes: kitabım, kitabın, kitabı (my, your, his/her book).Grades 5–615 min
- 5Noun casesLearn the six cases, their questions and endings, and use the linking consonants and the -n- after possessive suffixes correctly.Grades 5–617 min
- 6Adjectives, numerals and pronounsLearn the degrees of adjectives, the kinds of numerals and how to write ordinal numbers, the kinds of pronouns and how personal pronouns change by case.Grades 6–717 min
The verb
IntermediateThe infinitive, positive and negative forms, person endings, moods and tenses.
- 7The verb: infinitive, negation, person and moodLearn to find the infinitive and the stem of a verb, and to use the negative suffix, the person endings and the six moods.Grades 6–716 min
- 8Verb tensesLearn the present tense, the witnessed and reported past, and the definite and indefinite future: their suffixes, person forms and meanings.Grades 6–718 min
Phonetics and morphology in depth
IntermediateSyllables, stress, sound changes and pronunciation, derivational suffixes and the finer points of harmony, adverbs and function words.
- 9Phonetics and orthoepy: syllables, stress, sound changesLearn to split words into syllables and hyphenate them, find the stress, recognise vowel loss, inserted and alternating sounds, and pronounce words that are not said the way they are written.Grades 5–1018 min
- 10Word formation: derivational suffixes and harmonyStudy vowel harmony in depth — vowel and consonant matching, one-form suffixes — and build new words with tables of suffixes that form nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.Grades 6–720 min
- 11Adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, particles and interjectionsLearn the kinds of adverbs, the cases that postpositions require, conjunctions, particles, modal words and interjections, and tell apart exam-style cases where one word can be different parts of speech.Grade 722 min
The verb in depth
IntermediateVoice, transitivity and the full conjugation of the moods; participles, converbs and the infinitive.
- 12Verb voices, transitivity and moodsLearn transitive and intransitive verbs, the five voices (active, passive, reflexive, reciprocal, causative), the full conjugation of the moods and their past forms (gələydim, gəlsəydim).Grade 720 min
- 13Participles, converbs and the infinitiveLearn the non-finite verb forms — participles, converbs and the infinitive — with suffix tables, tell them apart and avoid spelling mistakes.Grades 7–822 min
Sentences and spelling rules
AdvancedParts of the sentence and sentence types, spelling and punctuation, typical writing mistakes.
- 14Parts of the sentence and sentence typesLearn to find the subject, predicate, object, attribute and adverbial by their questions, and learn word order and the types of sentences by purpose and structure.Grades 8–917 min
- 15Spelling and punctuationLearn the spelling rules people get wrong most often: the suffix -dır, the words də/da and ki, compound words, capital letters, commas and other punctuation marks.Grades 9–1118 min
Syntax, spelling and essay writing
AdvancedSimple and complex sentences, punctuation, tricky spelling cases, text types and essay writing.
- 16Simple and complex sentences: punctuationLearn one-member sentences, homogeneous parts, compound and complex sentences, the types of subordinate clauses and direct speech — and put commas, colons, dashes and semicolons in the right place.Grades 8–922 min
- 17Spelling: tricky cases and test tasksMaster solid, hyphenated and separate compounds, the finer points of capital letters, Arabic and European loanwords, and how to write numbers, numerals and pronouns — with exam-style tasks.Grades 9–1122 min
- 18Language and speech culture: norms of the literary languageLanguage as a social phenomenon, the types of writing and the phonetic, lexical and grammatical norms of literary Azerbaijani: typical violations, poetic licence versus error, and DİM’s “cluster” and “correct only the faulty points” tasks.Grades 10–1122 min
- 19Texts, text types and essay writingLearn the features of a text and how sentences are linked, recognise description, narration and argument, and write an essay step by step from a plan while avoiding typical mistakes.Grades 9–1124 min
Working with texts in the exam
AdvancedClosed and written tasks on texts in the school-leaving and entrance exams: task types, finding the answer in the text, how written answers are marked.
- 20Working with a text: DİM closed text tasksThe 10 types of closed text tasks in the grade 11 and grade 9 school-leaving exams: a solving routine for each, the evidence rule and step-by-step worked examples on an original text.Grades 9–1125 min
- 21Written tasks on a text: types and marking criteriaThe 11 types of written tasks on a text in DİM exams, with model answers; how a written answer is marked 0, ⅓, ½, ⅔ or 1, why the mark is doubled in the score formula and where marks are lost.Grades 9–1125 min
Linguistics: history, vocabulary, style
UniversityThe place and history of Azerbaijani among the Turkic languages, lexicology and word formation, functional styles and academic writing.
- 22Azerbaijani in the Turkic family: history and alphabetsLearn where Azerbaijani stands in the Oghuz group, how its sounds correspond to related languages, how the literary language developed, and the story of its Arabic, Latin, Cyrillic and again Latin alphabets.24 min
- 23Lexicology and word formationWord meaning, homonyms, synonyms, antonyms and paronyms; the origins of the vocabulary and borrowings; terms, neologisms and obsolete words; the main ways new words are made.25 min
- 24Stylistics and academic writingLearn to tell the five functional styles apart, write an application and a formal letter, turn a colloquial text into academic style and build a well-structured essay.25 min
Historical phonetics and professional language
UniversitySound laws from Old Turkic to Azerbaijani, terminology and lexicography, writing official documents and academic texts.
- 25Historical phonetics: from Old Turkic to AzerbaijaniUse the comparative method to trace Old Turkic words into the Oghuz languages and modern Azerbaijani: t- > d-, b- > v-/m-, -d- > -y-, loss of -γ and other sound laws.25 min
- 26Terminology and professional writing: academic and official textsLearn what terms are and how they are made, the kinds of dictionaries, the structure of official documents, abstracts and citation, and how to avoid calques and needless borrowings.25 min